#歐洲聯賽冠軍盃 1956-2001 決賽精華#

歐洲聯賽冠軍盃（簡稱歐聯、歐冠或歐冠盃；英文：UEFA Champions League）是每年一度舉行的歐洲足球會最高榮譽的足球賽事，由歐洲足協（UEFA）負責管轄，賽事的等級相等於南美洲的南美自由盃，被譽為全世界最高素質以及最高水平的球會級賽事，估計每屆賽事約有超過十億電視觀眾透過人造衛星觀看賽事。

歐洲聯賽冠軍盃首屆賽事始於1955年至1956年度球季展開，而當時賽事名為歐洲冠軍球會盃（European Champion Clubs' Cup，簡稱：European Cup 歐冠盃），參賽球隊只可以有歐洲足球協會所屬成員國的本土聯賽冠軍參與，但1992年至1993年度球季賽事改革為聯賽中位居前列的球隊亦可以參與爭奪冠軍。

決賽與冠軍
決賽一般在每年的5月中旬舉行，決賽兩隊球隊於中立球場比賽，而中立球場只可以是五星級球場（球場容量達50000人以上）。參賽的隊伍可獲得包括電視轉播權以及門票提成等多項收入，是許多中小球會夢寐以求的。目前奪得最多冠軍的是先後9次稱霸的西班牙勁旅皇家馬德里，並且舉辦首五屆冠軍均由該間球會獲得。


[編輯] 奪冠次數最多的球會
# 球會 所屬國家 奪冠次數 奪冠年份
1 皇家馬德里 西班牙 9次 1956年，1957年，1958年，1959年，1960年，1966年，1998年，2000年，2002年
2 AC米蘭 意大利 7次 1963年，1969年，1989年，1990年，1994年，2003年，2007年
3 利物浦 英格蘭 5次 1977年，1978年，1981年，1984年，2005年
=4 阿積士 荷蘭 4次 1971年，1972年，1973年，1995年
=4 拜仁慕尼黑 德國 4次 1974年，1975年，1976年，2001年
=6 賓菲加 葡萄牙 2次 1961年，1962年
=6 波圖 葡萄牙 2次 1987年，2004年
=6 國際米蘭 意大利 2次 1964年，1965年
=6 祖雲達斯 意大利 2次 1985年，1996年
=6 諾定咸森林 英格蘭 2次 1979年，1980年
=6 曼聯 英格蘭 2次 1968年，1999年
=6 巴塞隆拿 西班牙 2次 1992年，2006年
=13 漢堡 德國 1次 1983年
=13 多蒙特 德國 1次 1997年
=13 PSV燕豪芬 荷蘭 1次 1988年
=13 飛燕諾 荷蘭 1次 1970年
=13 阿士東維拉 英格蘭 1次 1982年
=13 些路迪 蘇格蘭 1次 1967年
=13 布加勒斯特星隊 羅馬尼亞 1次 1986年
=13 貝爾格萊德紅星 南斯拉夫 1次 1991年
=13 馬賽 法國 1次 1993年


The UEFA Champions League, formerly known as the European Cup, is a seasonal club football competition organised by UEFA since 1955 for the most successful football clubs in Europe. The prize, the European Champion Clubs' Cup, is considered by some the most prestigious club trophy in the sport. The UEFA Champions League is separate from the less prestigious UEFA Cup and the defunct Cup Winners' Cup.

The tournament consists of several stages. In the present format it begins in mid-July with three preliminary knockout qualifying rounds. The 16 surviving teams join 16 seeded teams in a group stage. Eight group winners and eight runners-up enter the final knockout rounds, which end with the final match in May. Previously only the champions of their respective national league could participate in the competition, however this was changed in 1997 to allow the runners-up to compete as well.

The current holders of the UEFA Champions League trophy are AC Milan, who beat Liverpool FC 2-1 at the Olympic Stadium in Athens, Greece on 23 May 2007. Moscow will host its first European Cup final for the 2007-08 season.

History

The 2006-07 champion's league final matched AC Milan against LiverpoolMain article: European Cup and Champions League history
The tournament was inaugurated in 1955, at the suggestion of the French sports journalist and editor of L'Équipe Gabriel Hanot,[1] as a continental competition for winners of the European national football leagues, as the European Champion Clubs' Cup, abbreviated to European Cup.

The competition began in 1955/56 using a two-leg knockout format where the teams would play two matches, one at home and one away, and the team with the highest overall score qualifying for the next round of the competition. Entry was restricted to the teams that won their national league championships, plus the current European Cup holder. This qualification system continued until 1992. In the 1992–93 season, the tournament was renamed to UEFA Champions League and in 1997/98, eligibility was expanded to include not just domestic champions but also the best performing runners up according to UEFA's coefficient ranking list[2]. In UEFA's coefficient system, a team finishing second in the Spanish La Liga would be more deserving of an automatic place in the Champions League than a team finishing first in, for example, Polish Orange Ekstraklasa. As a result, the system was restructured to force "weaker" national champions to qualify for the group stages, while other, "stronger" national runners-up would automatically get places.

Between 1960 and 2004 the winner of the tournament qualified for the now defunct Intercontinental Cup (against the winner of the Copa Libertadores of South America). Since then, with FIFA taking over, the winner automatically qualifies for the FIFA Club World Cup with other winners of continental club championships.


[edit] Qualification
See also: UEFA coefficients

The Champions League flag is shown on the centre of the pitch before every game in the competitionThe UEFA Champions league is open to the league champions of all UEFA member associations (except Liechtenstein, which has no league competition), as well as to the clubs finishing from second to fourth position in the strongest leagues. Since January 2007 the two lowest-ranked league competitions (currently the Andorra and San Marino leagues) can also represent their domestic champions in the Champions League.

The number of places in the competition depends on the association's rank in the UEFA coefficients table:

associations ranked 1 to 3 have four positions,
associations ranked 4 to 6 have three positions,
associations ranked 7 to 15 have two positions,
associations ranked 16 or lower have one position.
An association's rank also determines the stage at which the clubs enter the competition. For example, the three highest-ranked associations have two places in the group stage (for champions and runners-up) and two in the third qualifying round (for third and fourth-placed teams), whereas the lowest-ranked associations have only one place in the first qualifying round for their champions. Nine highest-ranked associations have at least one automatic place in the group stage.

The situation with the European Cup holders has not been clearly defined. There was controversy when Liverpool won the competition in 2004-05 but finished outside the top four in the FA Premier League. The Football Association ruled that Everton (who finished fourth) should get the final English place in the 2005-06 European Cup. UEFA came to an agreement that both Merseyside rivals would be allowed to enter the competition with Liverpool starting from the first qualifying round and Everton starting from the third qualifying round. UEFA's current rule is that if the European Cup winners fail to finish in one of its national league's qualifying positions, it will take the place of the lowest placed team in its league. The superseded team will go to the UEFA Cup.

In 2005-06, Liverpool and Artmedia Bratislava of Slovakia became the first teams to reach the Champions League group phase after playing in all three qualifying rounds.

In addition to sporting criteria, any club must be licensed by its national association to participate in the Champions league. To obtain a license, club must meet certain stadium, infrastructure and finance requirements.

FC Barcelona, Manchester United and FC Porto are the teams that have appeared most often in the group stages: thirteen each. However, each has won the Champions League only once since the group stage was established.


[edit] The stages

The UEFA Champions League trophy.The tournament consists of several stages and begins with three preliminary knockout qualifying rounds. Different teams start in different rounds, according to their position in domestic league and the UEFA coefficients of their league, while the sixteen top ranked teams spread across the biggest domestic leagues qualify directly.

In the subsequent preliminary round, participating teams are paired, with aggregate winners proceeding into the next round. Qualifying rounds span from mid-July to late August. The losers of the third qualifying round are transferred to the UEFA Cup, while the sixteen winners of the final qualifying round are joined by the sixteen teams who have qualified directly, to participate in the group stage.

Teams are drawn into eight groups of four teams, each team playing every other team in the group twice (home and away). The group stage is played between mid-September and early December. The teams finishing third in their groups are transferred to the UEFA Cup, while the top two teams from every group qualify for the next round. Here the sixteen remaining teams take part in the knock-out stage, which starts in late February and ends with the final match in May.

All qualifying rounds and knock-out ties are two-legged, with each team hosting one match. The team which scores the greater aggregate number of goals qualifies for the next round. The away goals rule applies. Extra time and penalty kicks are used to determine the winner, if necessary. An exception is the final, which is a single match played at a predetermined venue.

The draws are currently structured to ensure that clubs representing the same national association cannot play each other until the quarter-finals. This rule however was lifted for Liverpool's entry in 2006, as England had 5 representatives in the competition. As a result Liverpool were drawn against Chelsea in the group stages. In addition, seeding of the teams according to their UEFA coefficients is used. The competition system has been undergoing changes since the 1991-92 season (see history). The current system was adopted in 2003.


[edit] Changes from 2009 forward
At meeting in Lucerne, 30th of November 2007, UEFA decided to introduce new qualification system[3] for period 2009-2012 which will give automatic qualifying berth to the group stage for 22 teams instead of 16 (6 new entrants: 3rd-placed teams from associations 1-3 + champions from associations 10-12). Remaining 10 teams will be given through a double qualification path: one reserved for the champions of the associations ranked 13 or lower, and one reserved for non-champions of associations ranked 1-15. Both paths will be held independently to each other and each will be given by 5 winners - last participants in group stage. The main idea was to enable champions coming from low-ranked associations much easier access to the main tournament through their head-to-head matches than through matches against non-champions from high-ranked associations which failed to qualify directly for group stage through their domestic league.


[edit] Champions League finals
Main article: European Cup and Champions League finals
The Champions League final is the most important match of the season in European club football. The stadium to host the final is selected by UEFA two years before the match.

Season Winner Score Runner-up Venue
2009/10
Details To be played. Santiago Bernabéu,
Madrid
2008/09
Details To be played. Stadio Olimpico,
Rome
2007/08
Details To be played. Luzhniki Stadium,
Moscow
2006/07
Details AC Milan 2 - 1 Liverpool FC Olympic Stadium,
Athens
2005/06
Details FC Barcelona 2 - 1 Arsenal FC Stade de France,
Paris
2004/05
Details Liverpool FC 3 - 3 aet,
3-2 pen AC Milan Atatürk Olympic Stadium,
İstanbul
2003/04
Details FC Porto 3 - 0 AS Monaco FC Arena AufSchalke,
Gelsenkirchen
2002/03
Details AC Milan 0 - 0 aet,
3-2 pen Juventus FC Old Trafford,
Manchester

2001/02
Details Real Madrid CF 2 - 1 Bayer 04 Leverkusen Hampden Park,
Glasgow
2000/01
Details FC Bayern München 1 - 1 aet,
5-4 pen Valencia CF San Siro,
Milan
1999/2000
Details Real Madrid CF 3 - 0 Valencia CF Stade de France,
Paris
1998/99
Details Manchester United FC 2 - 1 FC Bayern München Camp Nou,
Barcelona
1997/98
Details Real Madrid CF 1 - 0 Juventus FC Amsterdam ArenA,
Amsterdam
1996/97
Details BV Borussia Dortmund 3 - 1 Juventus FC Olympiastadion,
Munich
1995/96
Details Juventus FC 1 - 1 aet,
4-2 pen AFC Ajax Stadio Olimpico,
Rome
1994/95
Details AFC Ajax 1 - 0 AC Milan Ernst Happel Stadium,
Vienna
1993/94
Details AC Milan 4 - 0 FC Barcelona Olympic Stadium Spiros Louis,
Athens
1992/93
Details Olympique de Marseille 1 - 0 AC Milan Olympiastadion,
Munich
1991/92
Details FC Barcelona 1 - 0 aet UC Sampdoria Wembley Stadium,
London
1990/91
Details Red Star Belgrade 0 - 0 aet,
5-3 pen Olympique de Marseille Stadio San Nicola,
Bari
1989/90
Details AC Milan 1 - 0 SL Benfica Prater Stadium,
Vienna
1988/89
Details AC Milan 4 - 0 FC Steaua Bucureşti Camp Nou,
Barcelona
1987/88
Details PSV Eindhoven 0 - 0 aet,
6-5 pen SL Benfica Neckarstadion,
Stuttgart
1986/87
Details FC Porto 2 - 1 FC Bayern München Prater Stadium,
Vienna
1985/86
Details FC Steaua Bucureşti 0 - 0 aet,
2-0 pen FC Barcelona Sánchez Pizjuán,
Seville
1984/85
Details Juventus FC 1 - 0
(see: Heysel tragedy) Liverpool FC Heysel Stadium,
Brussels
1983/84
Details Liverpool FC 1 - 1 aet,
4-2 pen AS Roma Stadio Olimpico,
Rome
1982/83
Details Hamburger SV 1 - 0 Juventus FC Olympic Stadium Spiros Louis,
Athens
1981/82
Details Aston Villa FC 1 - 0 FC Bayern München De Kuip,
Rotterdam
1980/81
Details Liverpool FC 1 - 0 Real Madrid CF Parc des Princes,
Paris
1979/80
Details Nottingham Forest FC 1 - 0 Hamburger SV Santiago Bernabéu,
Madrid
1978/79
Details Nottingham Forest FC 1 - 0 Malmö FF Olympiastadion,
Munich
1977/78
Details Liverpool FC 1 - 0 Club Brugge KV Wembley Stadium,
London
1976/77
Details Liverpool FC 3 - 1 Borussia Mönchengladbach Stadio Olimpico,
Rome
1975/76
Details FC Bayern München 1 - 0 AS Saint-Étienne Hampden Park,
Glasgow
1974/75
Details FC Bayern München 2 - 0 Leeds United AFC Parc des Princes,
Paris
1973/74
Details FC Bayern München 1 - 1 aet,
4 - 0 (replay) Atlético de Madrid Heysel Stadium,
Brussels
1972/73
Details AFC Ajax 1 - 0 Juventus FC Crvena Zvezda Stadium,
Belgrade
1971/72
Details AFC Ajax 2 - 0 FC Internazionale De Kuip,
Rotterdam
1970/71
Details AFC Ajax 2 - 0 Panathinaikos FC Wembley Stadium,
London
1969/70
Details Feyenoord 2 - 1 aet Celtic FC San Siro,
Milan
1968/69
Details AC Milan 4 - 1 AFC Ajax Santiago Bernabéu,
Madrid
1967/68
Details Manchester United FC 4 - 1 aet SL Benfica Wembley Stadium,
London
1966/67
Details Celtic FC 2 - 1 FC Internazionale Estádio Nacional,
Oeiras
1965/66
Details Real Madrid CF 2 - 1 FK Partizan Heysel Stadium,
Brussels
1964/65
Details FC Internazionale 1 - 0 SL Benfica San Siro,
Milan
1963/64
Details FC Internazionale 3 - 1 Real Madrid CF Prater Stadium,
Vienna
1962/63
Details AC Milan 2 - 1 SL Benfica Wembley Stadium,
London
1961/62
Details SL Benfica 5 - 3 Real Madrid CF Olympisch Stadion,
Amsterdam
1960/61
Details SL Benfica 3 - 2 CF Barcelona Wankdorf Stadium,
Berne
1959/60
Details Real Madrid CF 7 - 3 Eintracht Frankfurt Hampden Park,
Glasgow
1958/59
Details Real Madrid CF 2 - 0 Stade de Reims-Champagne Neckarstadion,
Stuttgart
1957/58
Details Real Madrid CF 3 - 2 aet AC Milan Heysel Stadium,
Brussels
1956/57
Details Real Madrid CF 2 - 0 AC Fiorentina Santiago Bernabéu,
Madrid
1955/56
Details Real Madrid CF 4 - 3 Stade de Reims-Champagne Parc des Princes,
Paris

The winning club gets possession of the trophy at the awards ceremony, but must return it to UEFA headquarters two months before the following year's final. UEFA gives the winners a scaled-down replica of the trophy to keep permanently, and winning clubs are free to make replicas of the trophy as long as they are clearly marked as replicas and are no larger than 80% of the size of the actual trophy. However, the current competition rules also specify that the actual trophy will be permanently awarded to a team that wins three consecutive years or five times in all.[4]

Five clubs have been awarded the UEFA badge of honour and the right to keep the trophy permanently:

Real Madrid, who won the first five competitions from 1956 to 1960, and again in 1966, 1998, 2000 and 2002.
Ajax, who won consecutively in 1971–1973, and again in 1995.
Bayern Munich, who won consecutively in 1974–1976, and again in 2001.
AC Milan, who won for the fifth time in 1994, and again in 2003 and 2007 .
Liverpool, who were five-time winners of the European Cup in 1977, 1978, 1981, 1984 and 2005.
The first European Cup/UEFA Champions League final to be competed between two clubs from the same country was in 2000, when Spanish giants Real Madrid and Valencia reached the final. This was followed in 2003 when Italian giants AC Milan and Juventus FC reached the final, making it only two intra-national finals since its inception in 1955.


[edit] Media coverage
Main article: List of UEFA Champions League broadcasters

[edit] Records and statistics

Map of UEFA countries, teams from which have reached the group stage of the UEFA Champions League
UEFA member country that has been represented in the group stage

UEFA member country that has not been represented in the group stage

Not a UEFA memberMain article: European Cup and Champions League records and statistics

[edit] By club
Team Won Lost Years Won Years Lost
Real Madrid 9 3 (1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960,
1966, 1998, 2000, 2002) (1962, 1964, 1981)
AC Milan 7 4 (1963, 1969, 1989, 1990, 1994,
2003, 2007) (1958, 1993, 1995,
2005)
Liverpool FC 5 2 (1977, 1978, 1981, 1984, 2005) (1985, 2007)
FC Bayern München 4 3 (1974, 1975, 1976, 2001) (1982, 1987, 1999)
AFC Ajax 4 2 (1971, 1972, 1973, 1995) (1969, 1996)